基于加速度干扰和AHP的车辆行驶安全性评价模型

关于行驶中的车辆在交通系统各因素作用下的行驶安全性评价,在现有交通系统四大要素的基础上加入车辆行驶状态,构成"人-车-环境-路-车辆行驶状态"5要素。并对各要素评价指标的选定做了细致的筛选,建立了车辆行驶安全性评价指标体系。其中"人-车-环境-路"因素采用打分的形式确定其参数的分值,并利用层次分析法(AHP)计算各参数权重来构建模型的;"车辆行驶状态"因素则是引入加速度干扰的定义,建立基于道路结构的加速度干扰模型。最后,运用层级分析法建立了总的车辆行驶安全评价模型。     

Teaching adolescents safe driving and passenger behaviors: effectiveness of the You Hold the Key Teen Driving Countermeasure

PROBLEM: Unsafe driving and passenger behaviors place teens at increased risk for fatal and nonfatal crashes. This study evaluated the short-and long-term efficacy of the You Hold the Key (YHTK) Teen Driving Countermeasure. METHOD: A two-page survey was completed by high school students at pretest, posttest, and long-term (6-month) posttest. RESULTS: YHTK was associated with significant immediate and long-term improvements in teen seatbelt use, safe driving, and perceived confidence in preventing drunk driving. Compared to pretests, students at immediate and long-term posttest more frequently wore seatbelts when driving or riding, required passengers to wear seatbelts, and limited the number of passengers to the number of seatbelts in the vehicle. Students were more likely at both posttests to avoid drinking and driving and to say no to riding with a friend who had been drinking. SUMMARY: YHTK was associated with increases in safe teen driving and passenger behaviors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Success of YHTK is most notably due to its comprehensive nature. Future programs should consider comprehensive strategies when attempting to modify teen behaviors.     

海南东寨港红树林湿地面积变化及其驱动力分析

本文分析了海南省东寨港红树林湿地的面积变化及其驱动力。结合早期地形图和实地调查数据，利用3个时相的TM遥感图片，计算出1959年、1989年、1996年、2002年4个时相的红树林面积分别为3213．8hm^2、1657．8hm^2、2018．8hm^2和1552．6hm^2。在过去的近50年里，有近50％的天然红树林被毁掉，红树林湿地被转换为经济林种植田、水产养殖塘、城镇基础设施建设用地等。自1980年成立红树林自然保护区以来，红树林得到了一定程度的保护，1989年到1996年图像对比上红树林面积增加了361．0hm^2。近年来，旅游业的开发对红树林生态系统存在一定程度的干扰。2002年，红树林面积相对于1996年减少了566．2hm^2。此外，红树林斑块的空间格局和树种的构成发生了变化，红树林群落植物多样性明显减弱。在综合分析基础上，根据生态系统综合管理的思想。提出了建立高水平的管理研究队伍，采用先进的管理技术和手段，综合管理红树林生态系统。     

抽出式通风煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度分布规律的数值模拟

根据气固两相流理论，针对矿井掘进工作面的特点，采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）对掘进工作面通风过程中粉尘浓度进行数值模拟，总结抽出式通风掘进巷道中粉尘浓度的沿程分布及变化规律。     

高速公路疲劳驾驶交通事故的控制

针对我国高速公路疲劳驾驶交通事故频发的现状,结合高速公路行车特点,从驾驶员高速行车的生理心理及高速公路行车环境等方面分析高速公路疲劳驾车交通事故原因。根据交通心理学、安全人机学等原理,提出驾驶者自身控制、运输单位内部管理、宣传和舆论、家庭教导、交通部门服务性诱导、交通管理部门的执法和管理等各个方面提出高速公路疲劳驾驶交通事故的控制措施。     

Aggressive behavior while driving as predictor of self-reported car crashes

PROBLEM: In Greece, there is a lack of scientific evidence on the relationship between aggressive behavior while driving and young drivers' involvement in car crashes; this study examined this potential relationship. METHODS: The randomly selected samples of 356 young drivers (18-24 years old) were interviewed through a questionnaire of self-reported car crash involvement, which mainly focused on their behavior on the road and the number of car crashes in which they had been involved. RESULTS: The statistical methods used were principal components analysis (PCA) and multiple regression analysis. Two factors relevant to aggressive driving emerged: (a) driving violations and (b) irritability while driving. The multivariate model suggested that driving just for fun (joyriding) and irritability were predictors of young drivers' involvement in car crashes. It was found that younger age was negatively associated with young drivers' involvement in car crashes. IMPACT ON GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY: The findings of this study can contribute in the formation of public policies aiming to prevent young drivers' car crashes. These findings can also be the starting point of some health promotion interventions trying to reduce car crashes and casualties on the road. Finally, the insurance companies may be interested in applying these findings into their field of interest.     

STATUS QUO & DRIVING MECHANISM OF DESERTIFICATION IN THE NORTH TIBETAN PLATEAU

ＴｈｅＮｏｒｔｈＴｉｂｅｔａｎＰｌａｔｅａｕ ,ｏｒｔｈｅＱｉａｎｇｔａｎｇＰｌａｔｅａｕ ,ａｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｂｏｄｙｏｆｔｈｅＱｉｎｇ ｈａｉ ＴｉｂｅｔａｎＰｌａｔｅａｕｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｍａｊｏｒｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｒｅａｓｏｆｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉ ｎａ ,ｈａｓａｗｅｌｌ ｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｈｉｇｈ ａｌｔｉｔｕｄｅｇｒａｓｓｌａｎｄ ,ｉｓａｎｉｍ ｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｒｅａｆｏｒｓｔｕｄｙｉ…     

岷江上游生态脆弱性驱动力分析

作为长江上游重要的生态屏障,岷江上游是典型的生态环境脆弱区。选取了测度岷江上游生态脆弱性的20个指标、25个样本年的2500个数据,采用逆向测度法构建了岷江上游生态脆弱性的测度指标体系,运用因子分析法得到了影响岷江上游的六大驱动因子:生态环境背景状况、人口承载与结构水平状况、水土流失状况、土地垦殖与利用状况、产业结构水平状况、投资水平与结构状况,为岷江上游生态脆弱区恢复重建及经济社会发展提供了科学依据。     

长时间单调模拟驾驶对疲劳的影响研究

通过模拟驾驶实验,综合评估长时间驾驶以及单调环境对驾驶员疲劳程度的影响是笔者研究的主要课题内容。借助于在模拟驾驶座舱上,4个健康样本分别参加高速公路(单调环境)和一般公路(非单调环境)的两组驾驶仿真实验,每组测试均持续两小时,一共进行10次实验。实验过程中,样本的操控数据(车速和方向盘转角)、反应时间、心电信号、主观疲劳状况等都同步记录并保存。实验结果表明长时间驾驶对操控能力、反应时间、心率、主观疲劳都有显著性影响(p<0.050),单调环境(高速公路)和非单调环境(一般公路)相比,车速方差区别显著,而尽管被试在高速公路的单调环境下驾驶后主观感觉更疲劳一些,但反应时间、心率等因素并没有显著性差异。     

无线数据传输技术在列车安全监控系统中的应用

笔者将GSM网的无线数据传输技术成功应用到列车安全监控系统中 ,系统监测数据经转储发送系统中转 ,由移动台系统实时、无线传输到基站微机系统 ,通过VC ++语言编制的软件系统实时统计分析数据 ,来监控列车运行状况 ,达到列车安全运行的目标。在列车安全监控系统中 ,不仅实现了数据无线实时传输 ,而且提高了工作效率和减轻了工作强度。在济南铁路局装车试验并广泛使用 ,表明了无线数据传输技术应用到列车安全监控系统中具有较高的可靠性和实用性